{"id":918,"date":"2020-11-18T12:23:05","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T12:23:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.cyberpowersystem.co.uk\/?p=918"},"modified":"2024-10-29T14:56:59","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T14:56:59","slug":"learning-about-cpus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cyberpowergaming.co.uk\/custom-pc\/learning-about-cpus\/","title":{"rendered":"PC Learning: Everything You Need to Know About CPUs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re putting together a gaming PC (or, for that matter, any PC), then you could be forgiven for placing special importance on the Central Processing Unit. As the name might suggest, it\u2019s central to everything your computer does. But what does that mean in practice? What is a CPU and what does it do? And what should we think about when we\u2019re shopping for one?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like so many computing subjects, this stuff can get very technical very quickly. It\u2019s important to remember that we\u2019re not trying to build a CPU from scratch, here. While it\u2019s useful to know a little about how things work under the hood, what\u2019s really important is what our purchasing decisions mean for performance. Let\u2019s try and demystify some of the technicalities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What\u2019s clock speed?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the most conspicuous figures, when you\u2019re buying a CPU, is the clock speed. Over the years, a great deal of confusion has arisen from this number. The higher the clock speed, the more clock cycles per second the CPU can go through \u2013 all other things being equal. But a cycle isn\u2019t a fixed thing \u2013 different CPUs will be able to do more or less number-crunching with a given cycle. For example, AMD claims that their new Zen3 chips can execute 19% more instructions per cycle than the Zen2 chips they\u2019re replacing.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What about overclocking?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overclocking is the practice of deliberately making the CPU run faster than it otherwise would. The easiest way to do this is by bumping up the multiplier and thereby making the CPU perform multiple cycles for each one performed by the rest of the system.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is only possible on high-end CPUs whose multiplier is unlocked. Check this before putting your money down, and, if you get lucky, you might be able to squeeze extra performance without spending a penny.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not every chip has the same overclocking potential, so your results aren\u2019t guaranteed. Plus, overclocking is a time-consuming and often frustrating process. So, we recommend investing in a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pre-overclocked system<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For a little extra cash, you\u2019ll have those higher clock speeds without the associated hours of head-scratching UEFI menus.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"jumbotron\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<div class=\"jumbotron\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What\u2019s cache?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When your CPU is working, it needs to occasionally put stuff down in order to pick something else up &#8211; this is the function of memory. As well as the memory on your motherboard and your graphics card, there\u2019s also a small amount of memory on your CPU. Specifically, there are three kinds of it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L1 cache is the fastest of these, L3 is the slowest (though it\u2019s still ludicrously fast compared to your system RAM). L3 tends to be shared between multiple cores, while the smaller, faster caches are reserved for the cores themselves. By using this memory while it\u2019s juggling tasks, a CPU can effectively prioritise &#8211; and minimise &#8211; the time it spends waiting for something to do. If the cache memory isn\u2019t fit for purpose, it doesn\u2019t matter how fast the CPU is \u2013 it\u2019ll spend all of its time waiting around.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do I install a CPU?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019ve bought a CPU and it\u2019s time to install it. Don\u2019t be intimidated. It\u2019s not rocket science!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But then neither is it child\u2019s play. There are a few things to bear in mind before you get started. Whatever you do, don\u2019t touch the top of the thing with your fingers \u2013 this will leave an oily residue which will prevent the paste from making good contact with the surface, and from effectively conducting the heat. Leave a pea-sized blob of thermal compound on there, and it\u2019ll be squeezed into a thin disk when the heatsink is clamped into position.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you want peace of mind, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyberpowersystem.co.uk\/category\/gaming-pcs\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">let us build the machine for you<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. We install CPUs every day, and we\u2019ve encountered every problem and niggle there is. Outsource the headache!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Will CPU X work with motherboard Y?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CPU and motherboard designs are constantly evolving. Occasionally, a leap forward requires a complete redesign, which means that older CPUs won\u2019t work with newer motherboards.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you\u2019re matching a CPU with a motherboard, the thing to look for is \u2018socket\u2019. A BGA1526 CPU is not going to fit into an LGA2066 motherboard. (If you\u2019re wondering, these are Intel naming conventions; the numbers refer to the quantity of pins).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This makes upgrading slightly complicated. Many gamers elect to upgrade the RAM, CPU and motherboard at the same time, that way you can be fairly sure of avoiding compatibility issues. If you\u2019re buying with a view to upgrading later, then this is something to bear in mind.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Am I going to bottleneck?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-942 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cyberpowergaming.co.uk\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bottlenecking-your-cpu_cyberpower-PC.gif\" alt=\"funnel Animation describing Bottlenecking a CPU\" width=\"500\" height=\"292\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When comparing CPUs, benchmarkers will eliminate bottlenecks by pairing them with the most powerful available graphics cards, and running games at lower resolutions. This way, they can be fairly sure that they\u2019re actually comparing the performance of a CPU.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In reality, we don\u2019t game on unbalanced machines like this, which means that we\u2019ll rarely experience the kind of performance improvement that we see on a benchmark.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That said, if the rest of your machine isn\u2019t up to scratch, then there\u2019s very little point in investing in an amazing CPU. Here\u2019s another of the big advantages of shopping for a pre-built machine \u2013 all the components will be matched to one another.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What CPUs are good for gaming?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A long time ago, the world was amazed by \u2018dual-core\u2019 CPUs, which were able to do two things at once by processing in parallel. Provided that the software was appropriately written, gamers could enjoy twice the performance. Since then, more and more cores have been added, and those cores have been allowed to run multiple threads, which means twice as many calculations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most modern games are built to take advantage of six to eight cores \u2013 so you\u2019ll experience diminishing returns if you opt for a 64-core Threadripper. That said, if you\u2019re building a computer for productivity, you\u2019ll find these high-end beasts still hold their own. If you\u2019re still unsure where to start, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyberpowersystem.co.uk\/category\/gaming-pcs\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">we can help<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What\u2019s a process?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The process is a term referring to the size of the actual components on the chip. Intel chips use a 14nm process (that\u2019s nanometres or thousandths of a millimetre); AMD use a 7mm one. When things get this small, you need to start worrying about things like quantum tunnelling effects that make the teeny-tiny logic gates stop functioning as they should.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actually, you don\u2019t need to worry about that \u2013 Intel and AMD\u2019s highly-paid engineers do. What you need to worry about is framerates. Smaller doesn\u2019t always equal faster \u2013 Intel has successfully squeezed performance increases from chips using the same process. But, as we\u2019ll see, AMD\u2019s downsizing has yielded performance advantages that are only likely to grow.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What\u2019s new from AMD and Intel?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AMD, under Lisa Su, has given Intel something to think about. Team Red\u2019s lead in productivity-focused machines has been extended, and they\u2019re now undeniably top of the shop when it comes to gaming, too. Until recently, Intel could claim that the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">top-of-the-range i9<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to be the world\u2019s most powerful gaming CPU \u2013 but it\u2019s been deposed not just by the top-of-the-range <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AMD equivalent<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but by those further down the pecking order, too.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The \u2018Zen 3\u2019 architecture has eight cores drawing from a single 32MB L3 Cache, which contrasts with the \u2018Zen 2\u2019, which had two sets of four cores sharing 16MB each. This, according to the manufacturer, means lower latency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AMD has also unveiled their \u2018Smart Memory Access\u2019 technology, which allows Zen 3 chips to address the memory on compatible AMD video cards, bypassing system RAM entirely. How many frames this buys you will depend on the game you\u2019re playing, and whether it\u2019s been optimized for AMD. The technology is still in its infancy, but it\u2019s still a reason to match an AMD card with an AMD CPU.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Competition is great for gamers \u2013 but not so great for Intel, whose ageing 14nm process is beginning to look positively geriatric. Rocket Lake \u2013 which will be landing next year \u2013 will need to offer a substantial improvement just to make par with the competition.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of course, it\u2019s easy to veer into hyperbole here. Don\u2019t get swept up in the hype, and don\u2019t buy into a bunch of fancy-sounding technicalities. If you\u2019re trying to decide what the most powerful CPU is for your money, then the only way is to look at benchmarks from actual games, and by considering the types of games you\u2019re playing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-944 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cyberpowergaming.co.uk\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/AMDCOnfigurators-226x300.png\" alt=\"AMD CPU range\" width=\"226\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cyberpowergaming.co.uk\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/AMDCOnfigurators-226x300.png 226w, https:\/\/cyberpowergaming.co.uk\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/AMDCOnfigurators-300x400.png 300w, https:\/\/cyberpowergaming.co.uk\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/AMDCOnfigurators-150x200.png 150w, https:\/\/cyberpowergaming.co.uk\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/AMDCOnfigurators.png 434w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"jumbotron\">\n<div class=\"jumbotron\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-945\" src=\"https:\/\/cyberpowergaming.co.uk\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IntelConfigurators-245x300.png\" alt=\"Intel 10th Gen CPUs\" width=\"226\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cyberpowergaming.co.uk\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IntelConfigurators-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/cyberpowergaming.co.uk\/w\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/IntelConfigurators.png 447w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From learning how they&#8217;re made to understanding the difference between Intel and AMD Ryzen. Here is everything you need to know about CPUS.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":174380893,"featured_media":923,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1606,1496,1364,1605,1604],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amd","category-custom-pc","category-gaming-pc","category-intel","category-nvidia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PC Learning: Everything you need to know about CPUs | Cyberpower UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From learning how they&#039;re made to understanding the difference between Intel and AMD Ryzen. 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